Percussive tool driven by an inter nal combustion engine



March 2, 1937. c s 2,072,266

PERCUSSIVE TOOL DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 5, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 10 f 4 35 if a.) do

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- INVENTOR MAX KIECKSEE BY ATTORNEYS March 2, 1937. M. KIECKSEE PERCUSSIVE TOOL-DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE,

il Ill lllll I I3 MAX KI ECKSEEL INVENTOR mmfl r ATTORNELKS Patented Ms. ,2, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,072,266 V PEnoUssIvE "r001. DRIVEN BY V men s A NALCOMBUSTION ENG I Max Kiecksee, Wilmersdorif, Berlin, Germany, as-

si nor to Krioi-r-Bremse Aktiengesellschaft, Lichtenber'g, Berlin, Germany, .a joint-stock company of Germany 1 A iplication'August s, 1934, Serial No. 738,195

In Austria July 5, 19.34

a 12 claim (01.,123-7) 16' reliably, without the aid of a starting crank or of a speci 1' starting motor.

vThe evice agording to theinvention isso arranged that' it startswithcertaintywhen a c'urr'ent of compressed air or compressedvoxygen is '15 led to it, which serves tq so actuate a control member for the mixture of fuel and air that the overhung,working piston isjbrought into the initial position ready foroperati'on, and that while or directly before this takesplace the mix- 20 ture of fuel and air necessary for the operation of the device is suppliedto the working space' offthe cylinder, the: saidymixture being compressed-by the piston m'ovinentb Fu1thermore,

thecurrent of'compfes'sed .airtor compressed oxygen supplied-to the device serves to gasify the liquidfuetif it is not, as is the case in; a special constructional form of the device according to the invention; atomizedinto the, cylinder, or ham- -mer motor which also takes place under the in- 39 fluence of the current of pressure medium (compressed or compressed oxygen) Also/the -current of pressure medium serves to dilute the mixture of fuel andair by. being mixed with the said mixture'in a regulatable. quantity; it also 35 induces the return movement of the working piston upon completion of its working stroke, and finally serves. to cool the working cylinder. Thedevicenccording to the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

40 Figure- 1 represents a longitudinal section through engine accordingto the invention, whose working iston' is situated. inits lowermost positi',on and "w ose control member lies in its uppermost position 4 e 2 is a didgramrnaidcal illustration 'orthe guidefif'conduits for the- "c'urrent'pf pressureinedium gextending in "the wall of the working 'y ndert r 5 Eigure 31s acrossesection through the work- -ihglcylinder'below the control member for the mixture of fuel and air.

Figure 4 is a. longitudinal (sectioir through a portion or the working cylinder, showing'thecon 55 duit which'fee'ds to the working piston thep'resout the idle movement.

sure medium which causes the said piston to carry Figure 5' is a fragmentary'longitudinal section through" a portion of the cylinder within the range of a regulatingvalve;hereinaftij'niore 5 fully described. I t

Figure 6'=represents the longitudinal section through a portion of another constructional example of the invention, wherein the control member for the supply of. fuellto the combustion space 10 serves as a pump and as atomizer-for the liquid fueL- The working pistonl of the percussive tool'is constructed as an overhung piston, which carries out its working movement under the combustion.; pressure of the ignited mixtureoifi fuel and air and-at. the end-of the stroke strikes against the head of a tool 39 (chiseL'rock borer, track tamping tool o1=- the-like).' The working cylinder{ which in working-would 0 be greatly heated by the explosions, is surrounded,- with a jacket 3 upon which cooling gills .4 are arranged, ln 'the walllof the cylinder 1 there are longitudinal'channels 5 which are so con-- lnected with each other by cross channelsrfitat one (thelower) "end, and bycross channels-1 at the other (upper) end, that they represent a conti 'fiuous pipe or sinuous conduit system whichac.- cprding tomlgures 1 1:05 surroundsthe upper part obthe 'cyllnder 2 exposed toheatingby the explosions. The last cross channel Iin the continuous run of the channelsi, 6 and I communicates withcaspace inwhich there is a regulating valve l6 made as a difierentialpiston and controlling the lower mouthpiece of; a conduit I1 surroundingthe 'valve l6and therupper mouth piece oi jwhich is continuously in. open com-- munication with a channel [5 and a channel [9;

'The channel or conduit Hii'maybe' throttled or entirely blocked by a set screw 20. The conduit 40.

I5 leads -intovthe lower part ofja sack-like fuel container "or carburetor ll arranged on the tool" head on theside -thereoffacing the operator, and the filling of which container H takes place by a fillingopehing which cansne closed by means of the screw cap 12. A partition-,near the bottoms of} the. fuel container I l is perforated with sievelikeholes M for lthe, purposehe einafter .described. flhegupper part 'pf thefuel container i II is inopen"connection with the space [8 in 5 0 Y which 'tliefiiuel 'afidair7mii'ztureflcollects. The space [8 isadapted to be placed-incom'niunication with a space 23 through a conduit 22 whichis ndrmallyclosed'against thelspace' 18 by anon-t return valve 2 l. 'A conduit branches from the i so conduit 1 and leads to a space 28 which is arranged above the said space 23. The spaces 23 and 28 form constituent partsof a casing for a control member 24 having the form of a stepped piston valve, and which according to the form of construction shown by Figure 6 can at the same time serve as fuel pump. The control member 24 supervise's, by means of the part 36 of valve body character, the connection between the space 23 and the combustion space ofthe cylinder 2 which by the bores 38 in the upper cylinder end, is in open communication with the control space under the action of the member 24; by means of the parts 21 and 35 it controls the connection be-- tween the conduit 34,- andthus of the conduits 'I and 5 connected therewith; and a space 31 which, is by the part 33 of the control member 24, according to the position of the latter, brought into communication with an atmospheric exhaust opening 26, or is cut off from the same. conduit 29 running in the wall of the-cylinder 2 opens at'its upperend into the space 31 and at its lower end into the said cylinder 2 in such a position that itcannot be covered by the ,working piston I even when this piston is at the lower extremity of its working stroke. In the wall of thecylinde'r 2 there is also an outlet openingSI leading to atmosphereand which is left open by the working piston I when the same isimmediately before the end of its working stroke. A neck piece 8 permits the connection of the internal, combustion tool with a compressed'medium pipe through which compressed air or compressed oxygen is supplied to the tool. The neck 8- is separated from aconduit IIl by aivalve' 8 which by means of the lever 32 can be opened against the pressure of a closing. spring. The

lever is in the vicinity'of one of the handles 38 by which the tool is manipulated. The con- ,breakingup hammer, rammer, and the like) in consequence of its ownweight, in the lower position shown on 'the drawings. The control and inlet member 24 also takes up the lower position in which it places the space 23 in communication with the explosion space of the cylinder 2.- The space 28 is in communication with the space3l,

while the latter is cutoff. from the atmosphere opening 26 by-the-part 33 of the control member -24.. 'Iheupperopening" of the conduit 29 is in v communication. with the conduit ;34, thus also with the conduits 1, 6, 5 and Ill. The regulating valve I6 takes up'its lowest position under the influence of its own weight and of the possible (low) pressure obtaining in the space I8 of any residual fuellanii air mixture, 7

To put the apparatus into use, by means of the-lever 32 the valve! is opened; compressed air or compressed oxygen flows thro the neck 8,

. past the valve 3 through the cond t 10, into the first of the conduits i, and runs through the connecting conduits 6 and'land thence through-mil ,the conduits '5 arranged around .the cylinder 2, it

"then comes 'under the regulating valve I6 and -member 24, andholds this member 24 flrmly'in the lower-position. Since the spaces 28, and 31 15 (Figure l) which it can immediately do, as

duits I1 and I5 into the lower space of the carburettor ,II and is divided up into a number of partcurrents corresponding to the number of the bores I4, which currents pass through the liquid fuel in the container II and vaporize a portion" thereof,.and then mix with the evapo- '-rated fuel. The space I8 is consequently filled with a mixture of fuel and airy under pressure. The lower face of ,the lower guiding attachment of the valve piston I8 is smaller than the upper face of the piston-like part of the valvepiston I6 The valve piston is ,thus lifted by the compressed air, as the pressure on its upper side is at first smaller than on the lower face of the guid- 2,

/ ing attachment. The lower aperture of the'bypass channel I I is freed. The compressed air flows through the channel I! into the channel the mouth of the channel I1 is not blocked by the 25 valve piston I6, as isthe case with regard to the ing attachment of the valve piston IS, the piston I6 is forced downwards and; closes the lower mouthpiece of the channel IT. The pressure in the space II thus never becomes, owing to the surface difference between the upper face of the piston IGand the small lower face of its lower guiding attachment, as great as in the channels .5, 8,.and 1.. The piston valve I6 consequently alternately rises and descends. The pressure de- ,veloped in the space I8, when it has reached a particular 'value, corresponding to the ratio-of the lower and upper faces of the regulating valve I6, thus closes the conduit 'lI andprevents the ,"flowof excessive quantities of compressed air into the carburettor I I, The prepared ,fuel mix- ,50 ture, which may be further mixed under. certain circumstances with pure compressed air through the conduit- I8 according to the position of the screw 20, opens thenon-return valve 2I, flows is above the said opening. The non-returnvalve 2| is thereby .closed. When the compression-of .the fuel and air mixture has taken place to such an extent that the pressure exerted by it on. the

full passage surface of the valve 36'from below ,exceeds the pressure of thecompressed air exerted from above on the annular surface 210i the control member 24 in the space 28, the con- 'trol member is thrown into its" upper terminal po- 'sition. In,this it cuts on the connection between v the space 23 and the explosion space of the'cylinder 2 and also the connection between the spaces 28 and 31; the supply ofcompressi'ed air tothe space below the'working piston 'I, through the aovaaec conduit 29, ceases. The space 3'! is connected with the" free air space 26' and the lower space so! the cylinder 2 is thereby relieved of air through the conduit 29. Ignition takes place in' the known manner by means of a suitable sparking,

plug, the ignition current circuit being closed by the projection on" the control member 24, and

the piston l is thrown violently by the pressure of theexplosion downward onto the tool 38. As soon as it releases the exhaust opening '3I,- the gases of 'combustionfiow out, the control member 24 takes'up its lower position; fueland air mixture passes out of, the space l8 past the non-return valve 2|, the conduit 22 and the space 23 into the cylinder 2, flushes the gases of combustion out of this, and the piston is moved upwards by the compressed air reaching its lower side through the conduit 29 and compresses the fuelwhich is above it. The sealing surface'36 preserves the'control member from-fouling. The 'cy cle of operations is repeated. I

The formoflconstruction shogm'in Figure ti difiersfrom that according to Figure ,1 infthat instead of prepared'fuel'and air mixture, liquid fuelis injected into the cylinder and the flush; ing of the products of combustion from the cylinder 2 takes place by compressed air which reaches the cylinder through the narrow annular gap Y44 and the bores 40, and that the control member 2E serves as fuel pump and atomizer, liquid -fuel which is supplied to the apparatus by the inlet 4i reaching the cylinder 2 through'the bore 42 and thenozzle 43, during the upward movement of the control member 24. Thescavenging air and the combustion air for the next igni- 'off and the fuel which is in the upper. part of the boring is driven through the bore 42; into the combustion space of the cylinder, and fixiallyfl atomized in the nozzle 43, simultaneouslyvwith one direction, and-a plurality of distinct means upon said valve piston serving as closure meansindividually supervising the communications of all of the channel means with'the valve chest'p 2. A hammer motor of the character. described, comprising the combination, with a cylinder having a bore and a, working piston reciprocable in said bore, of a valve casing mounted on said cylinder and having a end in a seat opening intothe cylinder bore, channel means in. the walls of the cylinder providing communications from the forward and. rear ends of the cylinder to the valve chest, fuel valve chest-terminating at one channel means in the valve casing for connecting the .valve chest ,with a liquid fuel supply, an arhaustport in said ,casing, gas channel means communicating with said valve chestan'd opening into the same.for conducting elastic pressure med'ium containing oxygen to said valve chest from a compressed gassupply further channel means, communicating with said exhaust port, and thereby with the atmosphere, operable control means interposed in the gas channel means serving to control admission of pressure 'me dium into said valve chest, a piston valve reciprocablein and occupying saidyaive chest, said valve piston havihg a portion engaging with said seat in closedposition and having a surface portion receiving pressure medium from said gas channel means so as to move said piston valve in one direction, a plurality of distinct means upon said valve pis ton serving as closure meansindividually super- ,vising the communications .of all ofthe channel means with the valve chest, and a projecting portion upon said valve piston adapted-to engage with and operate an electric switch. v

.3. Ahammer motor of the character described, comprising the combination, with a cylinder having a bore and a. working;piston reciprocable in 7 said bore, of a valve casing mounted on said cylinder and having a valve chest,'a carburettor having a fuel' mixture inlet and an outlet, channel means in the walls of the cylinder providing communications from the forward and rear ends of the cylinder tothe valve chest, fuel channel the admission of compressed air through thebores Tmeans in the valve casing for connecting the to. As soon as the control membertouches'the contact shown at the right hand side of Figure 6 ignition takes place; under which contact is the exhaust; opening to the atmosphere. t

Whatl claim-and desire to secure by l'..etters Patent of the United States is:- I

1'. Ahammer motor of the character described, comprising the combination, with a cylinder having a bore and a. working piston reciprocable in said bore, of a ,valve casing mounted on said cylinder and having a valve chest, channel means in the walls of the cylinder providing conimunicationsfrorn the forward and rear ends of-the cylinder to the valve chest, fuel channel means in the valve casing for connecting the valve chest with a liquid fuel supply,-an exhaust port in said casing, gas channel means communicating with said valve chest and opening, into the same for -conducting elastic pressure medium containing oxygen to said v alve chest from-"a compressed-'- gas supply, further channel means; communicat ing -with.said exhaust port and thereby withthe atmosphere, operable control means-interposed in the gas channel means serving to control admission of pressure medium intosaidvalve chest, a piston valve reciprocable in and occupying said valve chest, said valve piston having a surface portionTeceiving pressure mediurnfromsaid gas channel means soas to move 'said piston valve in valve chest with the' fuel mixture outlet of the ca'rburetton'an exhaust port in said casing, as channel \means communicating witlr'said valve chest and opening intothe same for conducting. elastic pressure medium containing oxygen to said valve chest from a compressed as supply, further channel means communicati g with said exhaust port and thereby, with the atmosphere, a movable regulating valve member interposed in said fuel channel means with a portion exposed to fuel mixture from said fuel mixture outlet .of

the carburettor, and also interposed in the gas pressure medium fromasaid gas channel means, communication means between the carburettor channel means with another portion exposed to 4 inlet and said gas channel means, said regulat trol means iiiterposed in the gas channel means serving to control admission of pressure medium into said valve chest, a pistonvalve-reciprocable in and occupying said valve chest said valve pis- 'tonghaving a surfaceportionreceiving pressure mediumirom said gas channel means so as to plurality of distinct means upon said valve piston serving as closure means individually supervi sing move said piston valve in one direction, and athe communications otall of thechannel means with the valve chest.

4. A hammer motor according to claim 1, wherein the gas channel means extend into the walls of the cylinder from the valve casing in the form of a sinuous conduitsystem.

5. A hammer motor according to claim 1, wherein thegas channel means extend into the walls of'the cylinder from the valve'casing in the form ofa sinuous conduit system, which con-' -sists of a large number of conduits in parallelism with the axis of the cylinder and cross conduits alternately connecting the parallel con duits at one end and then the other in airs. 6. A hammer motor according to c im 1, wherein the valve chest opensiinto the cylinder bore and at the opening terminates in a valve seat, and the valve piston is provided with a portion rigid therewith engaging with said seat in one extreme position of the valve piston in order to seal off the valve chest from the cylinder bore during the explosion in said cylinder.

'7. A hammer motor according to 'claim 1, wherein the various channel means communieating with the valve chestopen into the same at diiferent levels, and the plurality of distinct means uponthe valve piston comprise a plurality of rigid portions individually closing said channel means in predetermined positions of said valve piston.

8. A- hammer motor, according to claim 1,'

wherein the valve casing has a bore interposed in the fuel. channel means and terminating in a fuel nozzle, and one of the distinct means upon the valve piston bomprises a rigid extension movable in said bore capable of closing said fuel 7 channel means in a predetermined position of the valve piston, "and wherein said valve piston is also provided with a portion adapted to engage with andoperate an electric switch.

9. A hammer motor according to claim 3,

wherein the carburettor comprises a vessel suspended upon the upper portion of the device, the

vessel having an introduction means in the upwherein the carburettor is provided with a fuel container formed with an opening communicating through the. valve chest with the gas channel means communicating with the pressure medium supply, in order to cause secondary air to be admitted from said supply to fuel mixture in said container produced by the carburettor, and wherein a regulating screw extends to the mouth of said opening for regulating the flow of the secondary air to said container.

l1. A hammer motor according to claim 3,-

wherein the carburettor is provided with a con tainer for the fuel mixture mounted on the valve casing and formed witha channel means communicating' with the valve chest, and wherein a non-returnvalve controls said channel means.

12..A hammer motor of the character described, comprising the combination, with 9. cylinder having a bore and a'working pistonreci'procable in said bore, of 'a valve casing mounted on said cylinder and having a valve chest, ports in said valve casing communicating with channel means within the same for controlling the admission of fuel and air to said cylinder, a control valve member recip'rocablyylocated in the valve chest within said casing capable of opening and closing said ports in predetermined positions of said control valve member and means communicating a pressure medium to the valve chest within said casing to propel said control valve member in one direction of movement. 

